Caso de Uso - Monitoreo de mariposas

Familiarícese con el escenario del caso de uso.

En el apéndice de soluciones se propondrá una solución.

Este Caso de Uso no se califica.

Escenario

Monitoreo de mariposas

Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Observado en Suecia por Tobias Karlsson (con licencia CC-BY-NC 4.0)

Esta narrativa se elaboró como base para ejercicios prácticos en el curso de movilización de datos de biodiversidad, y el concepto y el contenido de los ejercicios fueron desarrollados por Kate Ingenloff y Laura Anne Russell, basándose en trabajos previos de Alberto González-Talaván, Danny Vélez, Larissa Smirnova, Laura Anne Russell, Mélianie Raymond y Nicolas Noé.

Se trata de un escenario ficticio basado en datos reales y con fines meramente didácticos. El conjunto de datos original se atribuye a Pettersson L B (2025). Swedish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (SeBMS). Versión 1.12. Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Lund. Conjunto de datos de eventos de muestreo https://doi.org/10.15468/othndo consultado a través de GBIF.org el 12 de abril de 2026.

Descripción

La Red Sueca de Mariposas (SBN, por sus siglas en inglés) lleva desde 2009 monitoreando la presencia de mariposas (Lepidoptera) en una serie de lugares fijos entre 3 y 7 veces por temporada, anualmente.

This network of observers implements one of two standard protocols at each site: fixed-route Pollard walks or point counts. Butterfly observation information is captured by observers on paper data capture sheets that they send to the national SBN office.

The SBN steering committee would like to start publishing these data online to GBIF in order to strengthen collaborations with the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Swedish Transport Administration, and the Swedish County Administration Boards to influence conservation policies for Lepidoptera in Sweden.

Recopilación de datos

Butterfly monitoring surveys are conducted annually at more than 500 sites by volunteers from 1 April through 30 September. Sites are visited 3-7 times per season. The program does not dictate when sites are surveyed but they provide recommendations (see table below).

Dates and phenological “visit indicators” that you can use to know when it is appropriate to visit your premises. Visits marked with an asterisk (*) can be omitted if the premises are visited on fewer than seven occasions. Source: Table A1, Appendix 1, Pettersson et al. 2010. Note: the table was translated using GoogleTranslate.

The monitoring scheme implements two established methods: fixed-route Pollard walk transects and point site counts. The same method is used at a site each year. These methods are described in Pollard and Yates (1993) and Pettersson et al. (2011 and 2022) and enable the monitoring scheme to assess yearly changes in (1) the number of butterflies seen and (2) species composition.

Fixed-route Pollard walk transects

Fixed-route Pollard walk transects are pre-defined routes typically 0.5-3 km in length. Surveyors follow the transect at a steady pace and identify all the butterflies observed up to 5 m in front, 5 m above, and 2.5 m to each side (see the figure below).

A transect can be any shape, including a loop. Each transect is inventoried once per visit. Some transects are divided into segments that typically represent a change in habitat. For example, a loop that follows a forest road, over a clearing, and then out onto a bog will have three segments. Each segment is inventoried once per visit.

A butterfly monitor walking its loop. While walking at a slow walking pace, they identify and count all the butterflies observed in the zone identified by the dashed gray lines: 2.5 m on each side, 5 m ahead, and 5 m above the observer. Illustration: Måns Sjöberg. Source: Figures A1, Appendix 1, Pettersson et al. 2011 and 3, Appendix 1, Pettersson et al. 2022.

Each survey log from a fixed-route Pollard walk survey will include the following information:

Survey date
Site coordinates in EPSG:3857 representing the center point of the site
Start time/end time for each segment (if applicable) otherwise for the full survey
Weather conditions during each segment (if applicable) otherwise for the full survey
A list of species observed and the total number of each species observed in each segment (if applicable) otherwise for the full survey. Surveys or segments where no butterflies were observed will include a note that zero butterflies were observed.

Unusual or difficult to identify species are marked on survey logs with an asterisk (*) and a photo is submitted by the surveyor for identification assistance. If the surveyor was unable to get a photo, the butterfly is reported as an ‘indeterminate butterfly’.

Point site counts

Point site counts cover an area with a 25 m radius and a height of 5 m that are surveyed for 15 minutes per visit. A point location may be completely circular with a radius of 25 meters OR it may have other shapes. Regardless of shape, the same area must be inventoried on each occasion to ensure the inventory is comparable across surveys.

For a circular point site, the surveyor moves about the circular site for the full 15-minute period and records all butterflies that come within the circle up to 5 m above the ground. See figure below.

A circular point location (denoted by a gray dashed line) with the observer sitting in the center and a 25 m radius around it. Illustration: Måns Sjöberg. Source: Figure A3, Appendix 1, Pettersson et al. 2011.

For a non-circular point site, the surveyor walks about the site for the full 15-minute period and records all butterflies they observe within the area up to 5 m above the ground. See figure below.

A non-circular point location with a 25 m radius (denoted as the brighter green areas with a small area of water) around a defined center point and a butterfly monitor taking inventory. Source: Figure 1, Appendix 1, Pettersson et al. 2022.

Each point site survey will report the following information:

Survey date
Site coordinates in EPSG:3857 representing the center point of the site
Start only (point site counts)
Weather conditions at the time of the survey
A list of species observed and the number of each species observed during the survey. Surveys where no butterflies were observed will include a note that zero butterflies were observed.

Weather conditions

General weather data are collected at each site at the beginning of each survey. Observers are asked to record information about air temperature, percent sunshine, and wind strength and direction.

Air temperature in the shade is reported in ℃.
Percent (%) sunshine, the proportion of time that was sunny during the survey, is reported as decimal and rounded to the nearest tenth.
Wind strength is reported using the Beaufort scale (see the table below for more information).
Wind direction is also reported.

Wind strength according to the Beaufort scale. Adapted from Table 2, Appendix 1, Pettersson et al. 2022.

Ejemplo de captura de datos análoga

Descripción de datos digitales

La oficina de la SBN utiliza grupos de voluntarios para digitalizar los registros en papel y elaborar hojas de cálculo digitales. Las hojas de cálculo son muy sencillas e incluyen tres hojas de datos:

the first captures the information linked to the sampling efforts including surveyors, site names, survey date, and location
the second captures the species encountered and the number of individuals observed
the third captures the location type and weather conditions

Ejercicios

Los ejercicios individuales para este caso de uso se encuentran en los módulos correspondientes.

Hoja de ejercicios

Descargar UC-Practice-exercise-sheet_EN.docx para proporcionar sus respuestas. (2,9 MB)